CA APM Introscope(R) is an application performance management solution created to manage Java Application performance. Unlike development tools, Introscope(R) is designed to scale with minimal performance impact. This allows you to monitor and manage your application performance in live production environments.
The Right to View (RTV) version of CA APM Introscope is a restricted, read-only form of the full product and is bundled with SAP Solution Manager. With the RTV version, support is limited to products that are licensed and supported by SAP. The instrumentation, dashboards, Probe Builder Directives (PBDs), management modules, and Smartstor data contained within the RTV version of CA APM Introscope as provided by SAP is the intellectual property of SAP. Use of these functions is restricted by SAP and may only be used in an unrestricted manner by licensing SAP Extended Diagnostics by CA, foundation from SAP.

Scope

• Monitoring of non-ABAP applications and infrastructures
• Tracing of non-ABAP applications and infrastructures

Setup

• SAP Setup Guide for Introscope 10.5
• SAP Setup Guide for Introscope 10.1
• SAP Setup Guide for Introscope 9.7

The Introscope Host Adapter (aka WilyHost agent) is an application which runs inside the SMDAgent. One of the tasks of the Introscope Host Adapter is to collect data from different configurable destinations and push them to the Introscope Enterprise Manager. The following picture provide a big picture of the architecture of the Introscope Host Adapter.

All applications running inside the SMDAgent are available in the Agent Administration UI. The Introscope Host Adapter can be found as shown in the picture below.

1. Agent Administration UI
2. Application Configuration
3. com.sap.smd.agent.application.wilyhost

The resources used by the Introscope Host Adapter application can be found under the 'Application Resources' node:

Note: When using the application configuration take care when performing changes. Changes should not be performed in the scope GLOBAL unless they are strictly required. The changes in scope global affect ALL SMDAgents connected to the Solution Manager system.

In SAP Solution Manager, the Introscope Host Adapter is configured during the activity 'Introscope Host Adapter' of the Managed System Configuration for the target system: Step 7 "Finalize Configuration".

When the activity Introscope Host Adapter is performed, the application is configured to collect data from the managed system that will be monitored. The main files used by the agent are the following:

• Files create/modified by setup:
  • SAPAgentConfig.xml
    • File created during the Introscope Host Adapter setup activity. It contains the destinations configuration and the link to actions to be performed for each destination
  • IntroscopeSAPAgent.profile
    • File is created from the IntroscopeSapAgent.profile.template. The host and port of the Enterprise Manager are configured in this file.
• Files used by application:
  • WilyHostAgentTemplate.xml
    • The is a global template file that defines all the possible actions possible for collecting all the Introscope Host Adapter data.
  • WilyHost.xsd
    • The is the XML schema file that defines the rules of validation for the WilyHostAgentTemplate.xml file. If you modify the action template it needs to conform to the schema.

Note: No manual configuration must be performed to the above files. The activity Introscope Host Adapter will configure the application automatically.

The file SAPAgentConfig.xml holds the configuration of the Destinations and the Actions that will be used/performed to collect data from the managed system.

• Destinations: The destinations will point out where the information will be collected. The destinations are configurable, for example a destination might be a Jco connection to the managed system or the location of a specific file.

For a typical double stack system you will have configurations generated for the following destinations:

•  ABAP instance
• JAVA instance
• SAPStartSrv
• SAPHOSTAGENT
• File (for GC)

The following picture shows an example of a Jco destination. As you can see, the Jco destination has the connection information to the managed system, client, user, password, system number and hostname of the application server.

• Actions: The actions indicates to the Introscope Host Adapter what are the metrics to be collected from the managed system. For all destinations in the SAPAgentConfig.xml a pool of actions are configured. The actions point to an action templates that are defined in the WilyHostAgentTemplate.xml file.

The following picture shows an example of some actions defined in a SAPAgentConfig.xml.

The SAPAgentConfig.xml fully configured looks as follows:

The following picture describes how the destinations and actions work in the managed system. As you can see, the destinations are the location where the data will be collected and the actions are the collections of data.

The file IntroscopeSAPAgent.profile holds the connection configuration to the Introscope Enterprise Manager. This file will tell the Introscope Host Adapter application what is the Enterprise Manager that the application must connect. The activity Introscope Host Adapter in the Managed System Configuration uses the IntroscopeSapAgent.profile.template file and then creates the IntroscopeSapAgent.profile. The following picture shows an example of IntroscopeSapAgent.profile.

Troubleshooting

If the Introscope Host Adapter applications shows issues, for example: agent is not connected to the Enterprise Manager or managed system metrics are not being collected. Then the SMDAgent logs must be checked to find out what is the root cause of the issue. The Introscope Host Adapter application may not work correctly due to distinct issues and the SMDAgent logs will show the root cause.

• SAP Note 797147 Introscope Central Note
• SAP Note 2534316 Introscope 10.5 Release Notes
• SAP Note 2285189 Introscope 10.1 Release Notes
• SAP Note 2138309 Introscope 9.7 Release Notes
• SAP Note 2071100 Introscope 9.5 Release Notes
• SAP Note 1565954 Introscope 9 Release Notes
• SAP Note 1273028 Introscope 8 Release Notes
• SAP Note 2451758 SAP Extended Diagnostics by CA, foundation 10.5
• SAP Note 2285460 SAP Extended Diagnostics by CA, foundation 10.1
• SAP Note 2222342 SAP Extended Diagnostics by CA, foundation 9.7
• SAP Note 1280961 SAP Extended Diagnostics by CA Wily
• SAP Note 2246406 Disabling Introscope Java Agent in emergency case

General

Information to be provided for Support Messages

The following items are required for support messages:

• Version of software component LM-SERVICE on Solution Manager Java stack
• Version of component ST on Solution Manager ABAP stack
• http Remote connection (if not conflicting with company policy) to
  • Solution Manager Java stack
  • Solution Manager ABAP stack
  • Introscope Webview
• credentials (in Secure Area) for a user with admin permission
• Log files from component with problems (EM, agent, ...)
• Screenshots of the problem (if this makes sense)

Versioning

The mapping between Introscope versions and SAP versions of the Introscope delivery is as follows:

• Introscope follows a versioning scheme consisting of four parts: major.minor.servicepack.patchlevel, e.g. 9.1.0.2.
• SAP has a versioning scheme consisting of three parts: version SP supportpackage Patch patchlevel.
• The mapping is defined as follows:
  • Introscope major is mapped to SAP version
  • Concatenation of Introscope minor and servicepack is mapped to SAP supportpackage
  • Introscope patchlevel is mapped to SAP patchlevel if possible: If multiple SAP patches for the same Introscope patch level are required the mapping for the patch level is broken and the SAP patch level is increased
• Examples
  • Introscope 8.2.4.0 maps to 8 SP24 P0.
  • 9.1.0.2 maps to 9 SP10 Patch 2
  • an update of the Java agent shipment using the same Introscope patch level 9.1.0.2 will result in 9 SP10 P3.

Enterprise Manager (EM)

Additional Information to be provided for EM Problems

1. Description of the problem
   • What kind of problem (slow Workstation / Webview, gaps in line chart, MoM losing connection to collectors, ...)?
   • Screenshot of the problem (e.g. from Workstation / Webview screens)
   • Reoccurrence: periodically, occasionally,
   • Reproducible? If yes, how to reproduce?
2. Time range
   • When did the problem start occurring? 
   • Did the problem disappear without any action? If yes, when did it disappear?
3. Thread dumps
   • if you observe any kind of hang / crash situation trigger a series of thread dumps for the MoM at least, if possible also for the collectors. See below for details on triggering thread dumps.
4. Log files
   • Provide a complete set of log files (full contents of /logs folder) for MoM and all collectors. The log files must cover the time range when the problem occurred. Thread dumps will also arrive in the logs folder (em.log / EMService.log)
5. Heap dumps
   • In case of out of memory situations heap dumps may have been generated (java_*.hprof)  in the EM installation folder. They might be needed as well
6. Contents of the /data folder of the MoM installation
   • This contains important self-monitoring metrics for post-mortem analysis

EM Additional Diagnostics Options

To enhance the diagnostics options the following configuration changes are recommended (at least in case problems occur)

• Run the Enterprise Manager on SAP JVM instead of the bundled Oracle / IBM JVM. This will provide more details in thread dumps, address some heap dump problems of Oracle JVM and enable a bunch of other diagnostics facilities. Make sure to use the same major Java version as present in the bundled JVM:
  • Java 6 for EM <= 9.6,
  • Java 7 for EM 9.7 and 10
  • Java 8 for EM 10.1 and higher
• Oracle / SAP JVM: Set the JVM parameter -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError 

Enterprise Manager Log Files

Most relevant log files for problems with EM in sub directory logs are:

• IntroscopeEnterpriseManager.log
• IntroscopeEnterpriseManagerSupport.log

To get log out put with log level DEBUG in file IntroscopeEnterpriseManager.log replace line

log4j.logger.Manager=INFO, logfile

with

log4j.logger.Manager=DEBUG, logfile

in file file <EM_Home>/config/IntroscopeEnterpriseManager.properties.

On Unix platforms the file em.log in the EM home directory contains helpful information. All console output of the Java VM, including full thread dumps, goes here.

On Windows platforms the logs folder contains an additional file EMService.log. This is written by the Windows service wrapper and may contain important information in case the EM fails to start as Windows service.

Enterprise Manager Version

There are multiple ways to determine the EM version:

1. The log file IntroscopeEnterpriseManager.log contains the full version string at each startup of the EM. Example:

   8/23/12 09:49:47.289 AM MESZ [INFO] [WrapperSimpleAppMain] [Manager] Introscope Enterprise Manager Release 9.1.0.2(Build 581100)

   Solution Manager 7.1 discovers the version and displays it in Basic Configuration.

Adapt Enterprise Manager Java VM parameters

Depending on the OS there are different locations where you adapt the Java VM parameters.

Windows Service:
Adapt the file <EM_HOME>/bin/EMService.conf. The properties wrapper.java.additional.<number> contain the Java parameters. Java heap size is specified in parameters wrapper.java.maxmemory and wrapper.java.initmemory.

Unix:
Adapt the file Introscope_Enterprise_Manager.lax in the EM home directory. Property lax.nl.java.option.additional contains all JVM parameters. For Java heap size see Java parameter -Xmx and -Xms.

Recommended Java VM parameters for Enterprise Manager

In case the EM crashes with OutOfMemory (OOM) it makes sense to analyse the Garbage Collections (GC) in more detail. So setting additional java parameters 
-verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintGCDetails is recommended. 
With java parameter -Xloggc:gc.log the GC output is redirected from file em.log to a dedicated file gc.log.

The parameter -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError is usuful to trigger automatically a heap dump in case of OOM.
NOTE: heap dumps get a big as the Java heap size is configured. So make sure you have enough disk space available.

The bigger the Java heap size is configured the more it makes sense to work with parallel GCs by
setting additional java parameters -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC  or    -XX:+UseG1GC.

Start/Stop the Enterprise Manager

1. Windows Service: Default Windows Service display name is "Introscope Enterprise Manager"
2. Unix: use the script EMCtrl.sh in folder bin:
   • EMCtrl.sh start
   • EMCtrl.sh stop

Register/Unregister Windows Service

The Windows Service to start/stop the Enterprise Manager usually gets registered by default during EM installation. In case you want to register or unregister this Windows Service manually you can do that with the script <EM_HOME>/bin/EMCtrl32.bat respectively EMCtrl64.bat. The command to register the service is EMCtrl64.bat register and EMCtrl64.bat unregister to remove the Windows Service.

The Windows Service display name and other details can be set in file  <EM_HOME>\bin\EMService.conf. Changes to e.g. property wrapper.displayname modifying the default service display name "Introscope Enterprise Manager" of an altready registered Windows Serive only take effect after unregistering and registering the Windows Service.

Other properties you may need to change e.g. if you run several EMs on the same Windows host are wrapper.name and wrapper.description.

Collect Thread Dumps from the Enterprise Manager

If the Enterprise Manager appears stuck it may make sense to trigger a thread dump. The procedure differs depending on the operating system and the mode it is started.

Windows 
If the EM is running as service (which is normal): Open a command prompt as adminsitrator and issue the command sc control IScopeEM 255 (IScopeEM is the default name of the service). The thread dump will be appended to the service log file logs/EMService.log. For processing in any thread dump analysis tools you will have to remove the wrapper prefix added to every line.

Example output of the command:

Using jmxremote or SAP JVM is an alternative, but requires extra configuration.

If the EM is launched interactively (Introscope_Enterprise_Manager.exe) you can hit Ctrl-Break to trigger a dump. Unfortunately you get it on the console, difficult to capture.

Unix 
On OS level identify the process ID of the Enterprise Manager, e.g. via the command ps -ef|grep java. 
Send signal 3 to this process: kill -3 pid. 
The thread dump will be written to the file em.log in the EM installation directory

Collect Heap Dumps from the Enterprise Manager

If the EM crashes and you find errors like "JAVA heap space out of memory" in the IntroscopeEnterpriseManager.log may have either configured the EM with low Java heap size (then see "Adapt Enterprise Manager Java VM parameters" above to increase the heap size) or there could be a memory leak. For the latter heap dumps are needed for analysis. To get heap dumps in case of an OutOfMemory set the additional java parameter -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError (see "Adapt Enterprise Manager Java VM parameters" above; a restart of the EM is needed). Setting this parameter automatically a heap dump is triggered if an OutOfMemory occurs. The heap dump could consist of more than one file and is usually named java_pid<pid>.*.

In case you want to trigger heap dumps manually set java parameter -XX:+HeapDumpOnCtrlBreak. With every triggered thread dump (see "Collect Thread Dumps from the Enterprise Manager") you then also get a heap dump.
NOTE: heap dumps get a big as the Java heap size is configured. So make sure you have enough disk space available.

Performance / Scalability / Capacity

The EM provides several self-monitoring metrics about its internal status. The metric Overall Capacity (%) is also reported for each EM in the Solution Manager Administration work center. A value of 100% means that it has reached its capacity limit. Short peaks beyond 100% are not critical. Only if the capacity is permanently substantially beyond 100% you will experience problems like missing data points, poor performance, etc. You can find this Overall Capacity (%) metric in the Introscope Investigator via this path: Superdomain -> Custom Metric Host -> Custom Metric Process -> Custom Metric Agent -> Enterprise Manager -> Overall Capacity (%).

A more detailed view is available in the Introscope Investigator tree via the following path: Superdomain → Custom Metric Host → Custom Metric Process → Custom Metric Agent → Enterprise Manager. If you select the node Enterprise Manager in the tree, the tab Overview on the right side displays eight charts on EM sanity, as shown in the screenshot. It reveals heap utilization, number of metrics and agents.

Perflog Analysis

The EM collects Metrics about itself and reports them to a file called perflog.txt under 15 second time periods. By analyzing the entries in this file, it is possible identify beforehand if the EM is becoming overloaded and avoid future issues. The EM Perflog Analyzer performs this analysis automatically and provides the user with recommendations on each point checked.

EM Perflog Analyzer Tool

Workstation webstart

Release Info

All known Webstart problems documented here were resolved with Introscope version 9.7 and subsequent versions. It might be easier to upgrade the Introscope Enterprise Manager and get a Webstart Workstation that works out of the box than to tweak the webstart for older versions. See SAP Note 2138309 and SAP Note 2285189.

The Java WebStart for the Introscope Workstation fails for higher patch levels of Java 7 and for Java 8 due to changes in the security checks of Java WebStart. In some cases the launch of the Workstation fails silently, in other cases an exception is shown.

In any case the following generic work-arounds exist:

• Use a Workstation that is explicitly installed on the client PC Note that Enterprise Manager and Workstation version must match
• Use the HTML-based Webview via a URL like http://xxxxx.yyy.corp:8081/webview

In addition, for the following Java patch levels work-arounds are available:

• Java 7 Update 45 (Java 1.7.0_45) and newer: Introscope Workstation 9.1.5.0 and older fail to start due to security related changes. Please see SAP Note 565954. No action needed for Introscope 9.5.6
• Java 7 Update 51 (Java 1.7.0_51) and newer: Additional security changes get introduced causing the Workstation to fail again. As Workaround launch the Java Control Panel (Start->All Programs->Java->Configure Java). On the Security tab leave the Security Level as “High” and add the WebStart URL to the “Exception Site List”
  Example for WebStart URL: http://xxxxx.yyy.corp:8081
• Java 7 Update 71 (Java 1.7.0_71) and newer: Workstation WebStart client fails again. Workaround for Introscope 9.5.6: add line <property name="jnlp.eclipse.security" value="osgi"/> to file  <EM_HOME>/product/enterprisemanager/plugins/com.wily.introscope.workstation.webstart_<version>/WebContent/jnlp/workstation.jsp. The only work-around for Introscope 9.1.5 is to explicitly use Java 6, as described below in Section "Webstart Additional Hints".

Workstation Webstart: Expired Certificates as of March 1, 2015

Furthermore as of March 1, 2015, the CA APM Java JRE certificate has expired. This will impact all the customers who use web start client, version 9.7 and lower. Customers who initiate the workstation through the downloaded JNLP will be blocked if their security is set beyond medium. This issue is independent from issues related to individual Java Updates as listed above.

WORKAROUND:

Below are options to work around this issue:

• Option 1: If the security level is set to high or above, the level should be brought down to medium. Once the security level is set to medium, the web start client can be initiated to start the workstation.

In order to do this → Go to Control Panel → Java → Security and adjust the security level.

• Option 2: Add the web start URL to the exception site list. Once this site is added reinitiating the web start client starts the workstation.

In order to do this → Go to Control Panel → Java → Security → Click on Edit Site List and add the URL in the location box.

Webstart Additional Hints

1. We have not found a way to launch the Workstation 9.1.5 with recent Java 7 and Java 8 versions. You can, however, have multiple JRE versions installed on the same host. In particular, you could have Java 6 installed to launch the Workstation, and at the same time use a recent Java 8 version for webstart of other applications.

   1. Use an absolute path like "C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\javacpl.exe" to launch the Java Control Panel. Disable other Java versions in tab "Java".

   2. Use an absolute path like "C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\javaws" http://emhost:8081/workstation to launch the Workstation.

2. In some cases having multiple JRE/JDK versions installed might cause problems. Consider uninstalling JRE versions that you do not really need.

3. Try launching the Webstart bypassing the browser In a command window. This isolates any potential browser add-in issues and allows to use webstart even if the browser add-in is disabled: Use a call like this:

   "C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\javaws" http://emhost:8081/workstation

    

Java Bytecode Agent (BCA)

Introscope agents of a certain version can connect to Introscope Enterprise Managers of the same or higher version. It is not possible to connect them to an EM with a lower version than the agent is. For more information, refer to the Introscope JAVA Agent WIKI.

Log Files

Relevant log files for problems with the BCA are:

• from directory /usr/sap/<AgentSID>/<AgentNo>/SMDAgent/applications.config/com.sap.smd.agent.application.wily/BytecodeAgent/ISAGENT.<Release>/wily
  • IntroscopeAgent.profile
• from directory /usr/sap/<AgentSID>/<AgentNr>/SMDAgent/temp
  • IntroscopeAgent.<SID_Instance>_server*.log
  • AutoProbe.<SID_Instance>_server*.log
• from directory /usr/sap/SID>/<inst>/work of the managed system if it's a Netweaver java node:
  • dev_server0 (contains the actually used JVM parameters)
  • std_server*.out

 If requested by SAP Development set in IntroscopeAgent.profile the property  log4j.logger.IntroscopeAgent from

to

A restart is not required. Do not forget to reset the value back to INFO after investigating the issue.

Agent Version

The agent version can be determined via one of the following procedures:

• Check the log file IntroscopeAgent*.log for the right agent. The agent version is dumped at every restart of the Java VM.
• Check the Introscope Investigator tree. For each agent, the node Agent Stats contains
  • Agent build and release
  • SAP build timestamp
  • location of the agent profile that is used

Byte Code Adapter does not start

Byte Code Adapter does not start

Missing CPU Metrics

The CPU node in the Investigator tree of the byte code instrumentation agent (e.g. Netweaver agent) is populated via a native library, the so-called platform monitor. There are multiple possible reasons why this node might be missing:

• there is no platform monitor extension for all supported Netweaver platforms. As fallback you can use the OS metrics as provided by the Introscope host adapter (under node SAP Host Agent)
• on Windows: If the user running the  Java VM is not in the administrators group it must be added to the group Performance Monitor Users to obtain the privileges required to read performance data.

Missing JMX Metrics

For troubleshooting JMX metric collection in the agent you can increase logging of the JMX service by setting these two additional properties:

JMX debug logging

In general polling of particular MBeans will be switched off until the next restart of the Java VM as soon as any exception occurs for polling that MBean.

For Netweaver there is a known problem that reporting of http sessions ("Current Http Sessions") stops reporting. See SAP Note 2067705 for a fix.

Troubleshoot Netweaver Jmx Metrics

Java Managed System does not start due to missing Agent.jar

If a Java Managed System has been instrumented for CA Introscope via the Java VM parameter -javaagent:/some/path/to/Agent.jar and the file Agent.jar is not accessible by the instrumented Java VM then it fails to start. Possible reasons why the file Agent.jar is not accessible:

1. The corresponding Diagnostics Agent has been deleted before the CA Introscope instrumentation has been removed from the Java Managed System. The Java Managed System does not start anymore because the required Agent.jar in the Diagnostics Agent file system has been deleted.
2. The managed Java VM does not have read access to the file system tree where the Introscope agent is located (e.g. user SAPService<SID> on Windows starting the SAP Netweaver system)

In the first case the instructions for uninstalling the Introscope Byte Code Agent were not followed correctly. 
You can find those instructions in the Introscope Installation or Setup Guide for your Solution Manager Release.

These installation or setup guides can be found at http://www.service.sap.com/instguides 
=> Alphabetical Index => S
=> SAP Solution Manager
=> "your solution manager release"
=> "one of the sections on installations"
=> "respective Wily Introscope guide".

In these guides, please refer to the section titled "Uninstalling Introscope Agents". It is recommended to use the SAP Solution Manager provided mechanism to remove the problematic properties. 
In case the Diagnostics Agent was already deleted, it may be necessary to delete the properties by hand. In case of problems please create a ticket at component SV-SMG-DIA-WLY-BCA.

Known problems for Bytecode Agent

Known problems for Bytecode Agent

Introscope Host Adapter (wilyhost)

Check if Introscope Host Adapter is connected to the Enterprise Manager

Check Introscope Host Adapter connection to EM

Missing ABAP metrics

Missing ABAP metrics

Log Files and Log Levels

Relevant logfiles for problems with Introscope Host Adapter are:

• SMDAgentApplication*.log (most content here)
• SMDSystem*.log (in case wilyhost does not start up at all)
  They are persisted in directory /usr/sap/<SMDAgentID>/<InstanceNo>/SMDAgent/log

The log level for SMDAgentApplication.log might have to be increased to DEBUG for troubleshooting. This is done via diagnostics agent administration.

If the Introscope host adapter does not show up in the Investigator the file jvm_SMDAgent.out may also be relevant. It corresponds to IntroscopeAgent*.log of the BCA. To increase the log level for the Introscope runtime of the host adapter (in jvm_SMDAgent.out) edit the application resource "IntroscopeSapAgent.profile" and change the property

Thread Dumps

Thread dumps for the Introscope host adapter means thread dumps for the whole diagnostics agent. They can be triggered in various ways, e.g.:

1. Via the SAP Management Console / MMC: Right-Click on the java procees for the agent and click Dump Stack Trace
2. On OS level (Unix): find out the process ID of the agent process and issue the command kill -3 <pid>

In any case the thread dump is written to the file std_smdagent.out in the work directory of the diagnostics agent.